Hydrolyses dietary protein at gastric pH; supports protein digestion in low-acid stomach states; complements pepsin activity
Structural component of neuronal and retinal membranes; supports cognitive function, vision, and cardiovascular health
Structural component of neuronal and retinal membranes; supports cognitive function, vision, and cardiovascular health
Hydrolyses raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose in legumes and cruciferous vegetables; reduces fermentable substrate available for colonic gas production
Mitochondrial cofactor; regenerates vitamins C, E, and glutathione; improves insulin sensitivity and peripheral nerve function
Whole-food vitamin C source; antioxidant via tannin and gallic acid co-factors; gentler GI profile than synthetic ascorbic acid
Whole-fruit antioxidant complex; gentle vitamin C delivery via tannin-bound release; supports lipid metabolism and gastric integrity
Provides bioavailable magnesium with co-occurring trace minerals; supports muscle, nervous system, and bone function
Spore form survives gastric acid intact; germinates in the small intestine; produces L(+) lactic acid, supports gut barrier and immune function
Leucine activates mTOR-mediated muscle protein synthesis; BCAAs serve as direct fuel during prolonged exercise; reduce central fatigue
NF-κB inhibition; COX-2 downregulation; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant via Nrf2 pathway; essential oils enhance curcuminoid absorption
Provides inorganic nitrate (NO3⁻) for the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway; supports vasodilation and mitochondrial efficiency; antioxidant betalains
Increases intramuscular carnosine; buffers H+ accumulation during high-intensity exercise; delays neuromuscular fatigue
Competes with cholesterol absorption at intestinal Niemann-Pick C1L1 transporter; supports prostate health via 5-alpha reductase modulation
Methyl donor in homocysteine remethylation; cellular osmolyte protecting against dehydration stress; supports power output and body composition
5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition; reduces leukotriene-mediated inflammation; supports joint comfort and gut inflammation
Allyl isothiocyanate content stimulates digestive secretions; thermogenic via TRPV1 receptor activation
Hydrolyses peptide bonds in protein; supports digestion of dietary protein, modulates inflammation, and aids post-exercise recovery
Plant-source calcium with co-occurring magnesium and 72 trace minerals; supports bone mineral density and joint comfort
A natural carotenoid complex made of a synergistic blend of five essential carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Beta-Carotene, Alpha-Carotene, and Lycopene)
Plant-derived capsule shell for solid oral dosage forms
Potentiates insulin receptor signalling; supports glucose disposal; modulates carbohydrate cravings via brain glucose sensing
Acidifies hydration and effervescent formulations; chelates trace metal ions for stability
Capillary stabilisation; vitamin C synergist via redox cycling; venous tone support and anti-inflammatory action
Provides chocolate flavour, colour, and natural antioxidant flavanols
Carries electrons between Complexes I/II and III in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, supporting ATP synthesis; lipophilic membrane antioxidant; declines with age and statin use
Cofactor for ceruloplasmin, cytochrome c oxidase, and superoxide dismutase; required for iron mobilisation and connective tissue cross-linking
Type-A PACs inhibit P-fimbriated E. coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells; preventive against recurrent urinary tract infections
Increases phosphocreatine stores; accelerates ATP resynthesis during high-intensity efforts; supports cognitive performance under stress
Phytosterol and cucurbitin content modulates androgen metabolism; supports lower urinary tract function and detrusor muscle tone
NF-κB inhibition; COX-2 downregulation; antioxidant via Nrf2 pathway activation
Carbazole alkaloids (mahanimbine, koenimbine) and iron content support antioxidant defence and haematological function
Lipid-soluble antioxidant; protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes; supports vascular endothelial function
Direct modulator of ovarian theca cell androgen synthesis; insulin signalling cofactor; complementary to myo-inositol in PCOS protocols
Whole-food source of lycopene, beta-carotene, and potassium; matrix-bound antioxidants with food-form bioavailability
Absorbed directly via SGLT1 transporter without hydrolysis; immediate glycaemic and insulinogenic response; primary substrate for high-intensity exercise and post-exercise glycogen repletion
Bioavailable iron for haemoglobin synthesis; required for oxygen transport, cellular energy, and cognitive function
ALA omega-3 source (~22%); lignan content (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) supports estrogen metabolism; fibre supports lipid and glycaemic control
Absorbed via GLUT5 transporter independently of glucose; spares glucose-pathway saturation during prolonged endurance exercise
Endo-cleaves alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch; produces dextrins and maltose for further digestion by glucoamylase and mucosal disaccharidases
Gingerols and shogaols inhibit COX and 5-LOX; serotonin 5-HT3 antagonism supports anti-emetic effect; thermogenic and digestive stimulant
Cleaves alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds at non-reducing ends of starch and dextrin; complements alpha-amylase for complete carbohydrate digestion
Inhibitory neurotransmitter at glycine receptors; substrate for collagen, glutathione, and creatine synthesis; supports sleep onset via core body temperature reduction
Oligomeric proanthocyanidin antioxidants; vascular protection via endothelial NO support; collagen stabilisation
Oligomeric proanthocyanidin antioxidants; vascular protection via endothelial NO support; collagen stabilisation
EGCG-mediated antioxidant action; thermogenic via norepinephrine sparing; supports metabolic rate and lipid oxidation
Cortisol attenuation and HPA axis support; antioxidant via eugenol and ursolic acid; immunomodulatory and glycaemic support
Multi-strain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium blend; restores gut microbial balance after antibiotic therapy and digestive disruption; supports barrier integrity
Restores intracellular inositol phosphoglycan availability; improves insulin sensitivity and ovarian FSH response
Charantin, vicine, and p-insulin (polypeptide-p) exert insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitising effects; support glucose disposal and pancreatic beta-cell function